Blog 8: Motorola Mobility Loses Patent Suit to Uber-Troll

Hello everyone!

Since we thoroughly discussed about the ways to prevent patent trolls,

I would like to talk about current issues that are going around regarding NPEs.

Recently, Motorola Mobility has lost patent suit to Intellectual Ventures by jury finding that "Motorola infringed a patent describing a way for handheld devices to connect to docking stations," reported Neil McAllister from The Register news article. The two firms have been struggling since 2011 with the US Patent Number 7,120,462, which describes a "Portable computing, communication and entertainment device with central processor carried in a detachable handset."

Motorola has invalidated the patent for obviousness on grounds that the methods and descriptions on the patent were too abstract to deserve protection. However, the jury rejected that claim. Last Thursday, another jury found that Motorola had infringed a patent on file transfers while at the meantime, Motorola had cleared infringement of wireless networking. We can see that Intellectual Ventures are one of patent trolls because its market produces nothing while it is considered as one of top five patent-holding entities. What it actually does is, it licenses its patents to other companies and this is the fourth victory for Intellectual Ventures for patent litigation win. 

Blog 8: Innovation Act- Going Against Patent Trolls

Hey all!

Now that I talked about what patent trolls are in my previous posts,
let's talk about the ways to prevent these abusing litigation tactics. 

In an effort to stop patent trolls happen so often, Innovation Act, was first brought out by Representative Bob Goodlatte (R-Va) in October 2013. According to Wikipedia, "it was a bill that would have changed the rules and regulations surrounding patent infringement lawsuits in an attempt to reduct patent lawsuits, but was never passed by the Senate." Yet, it was a big step for patent reformers. Had it been passed, the bill would have added accuracy to patent litigation and would have required patent holders to show exactly who would be profiting if a the lawsuit was brought. Furthermore, it would have allowed lawsuits to be settled in certain circumstances and required fee shifting to the prevailing party in most patent cases. Representatives would have also tackled about taking out an old, rarely used provision in patent law regarding patent applicants who can't get their patent from the Patent Office but would sue for those patents. 

Most significantly, Representatives would have covered who truly owns patents involving in litigation and whether there are any parties who are involving in financial interest in the lawsuit. I personally think that had the Senate approved the bill, it would have been a huge success on the patent filed and other smaller companies who were previously unable to defend themselves against larger companies. 

Blog 8: Where and How did Patent Trolls Come From?

I would like to talk more about patent trolls, in depth actually, in terms of their origins, terms, and definition. Interestingly, the term "patent troll" goes back to 1993, which was used at least once with a slightly different meaning. It was used to describe countries that file strict and aggressive patent lawsuits. 

For instance, the education video, The Patents Video in 1994, depicted a green troll guarding a bridge and demanding fees. 

The origin of the term patent troll has been also attributed to Anne Gundelfinger, or Peter Detkin, who are both counsel for Intel during the late 1990s. 

Today, patent troll is considered as a controversial term because none of the numerous definition it has are considered satisfactory from the perspective of understanding how patent trolls have to be treated in law. Patent trolls have various definitions, which I have covered in my previous post, and have various related expressions, such as, NPE, PAE, NMP, patent shark, patent marketer, patent assertion company, and patent dealer

Such confusion over the term "patent troll" is clear in media reporting. 

Blog 8: Patent Troll

Hey guys,

Today I am going to talk about what non-practicing entity (NPE) is, or also known as patent troll, patent holding company (PHC), or patent assertion entity (PAE). 

So basically what is Patent Troll?

• It is a person or a company who misuses patents as a business strategy by enforcing patent rights against accused infringers to collect licensing fees
• It does not manufacture products or practice the idea based upon the patent 
• It can launch lawsuits against infringing companies or simply hold the patent so that it keeps other companies productivity at a standstill
• It obtains the patents being sold at auctions from bankrupt companies attempting to liquidate their assets

One fun fact I learned while researching about patent troll is that patent trolling has been less of a problem in Europe than in the US because Europe has a loser pays costs regime. 

Blog 7: Ways to do Patent Search

Hi all again,

Last time I went over the prior art search in terms of how court goes through examining the obviousness in the invention. Now that I have talked enough about obviousness, prior search, and prior art search, I think it is time to talk about how to do patent search. 

So here is a Youtube clip that I personally thought would help you guys to learn more about patent search: 

So in my previous post, I have said that the primary goal of prior art search is to discover how likely it is for new invention to be patented. It usually takes about 3 years to be patented. On the other hand, prior art search costs $500 and about 4 days to complete. Prior art search is actually time-saving way to discover whether it is worth of time and money to apply for patent. Prior art search will enhance the application to be smoother and strengthen it so that it can be solid against the future attacks. 

Blog 7: Prior art search - Obviousness in your Invention or Idea - Venn Diagrams

Hi everyone,

as we talked about what obviousness, prior art, and prior art search are,
I would like to go in depth about how court goes through examining the obviousness in the invention. 

Hope you guys all found this video both entertaining and educational!
Basically, it compares the invention against all other inventions that are considered as the prior art. The relationship between the prior art and new invention is shown through Venn digram.

If the US Patent Office finds obviousness in patent application, then patent practitioners should provide arguments to the patent office based on patent law in order to overcome the obviousness rejection of the invention.

Blog 7: What is Prior Art and where is it found for a Prior Art Search of an Invention

Hello everyone, 

As we have talked about what obviousness is on previous blog post,
I would like to thoroughly go through what prior art is and how it is defined, as obviousness is a picky and difficult subject to define. This video will cover the definition of prior art and there are several examples that will help you guys to easily understand what prior art is: 

Prior art is an information that is already available to the public before a given date that might be relevant to a patent's claims of originality. Prior art can be on books, internet, patents and published patent applications. 

Well...then what is prior art search that is covered in this video?

Prior art search is "an attempt to find invention in all known books and publications in all magazines that are in all libraries, patent documents, and  all patent offices worldwide." 

The goal of prior art search is to find all published information that are publicly available anywhere in the entire world. 

Blog 7: Obviousness

Hello all,

today I am going to talk about obviousness as it is important part of patent process. 
In order to see whether patent claims can likely be obtained, it has to go through the patentability requirements, which are:

1. Subject matter requirement
2. Written description (enablement)
3. Utility
4. Novelty
5. NON-OBVIOUSNESS 

Unfortunately, the law of obviousness can be quite difficult and picky to understand,  so I will try my best to concisely yet thoroughly explain what obviousness is in terms of patent process. 

Unlike novelty requirement, non-obviousness requirement looks at multiple pieces of prior art. 

Non-obvious simply means that an ordinary person having ordinary skills in particular field or art would not have easily thought of it given the prior art. 

To step-by-step show you guys the list of requirements of determining whether an innovation is obvious:

1. Analyze the content of the prior art
2. Thoroughly go through the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art
3. Check the level of ordinary skill in the pertinent art
4. Ascertain objective indicia of non-obviousness

Although this step-by-step procedure seem simple and easy to go through, it is in fact very difficult. 

Blog 5: 2 Claims on Anticipation and Obviousness

Hello all,

As I have generally went over the 9 patents on the previous post, today,  I would like to choose two patents and talk about its anticipation or obviousness and their claims. 

Obviousness: Protective sleeve US 20100019023 A1

Generally, this invention was made to lessen the transfer of heat when hot or cold beverages are transferred to other containers. Although the container has to have a certain arch in the middle of the cup sleeve, I believe that an ordinary persona skilled in the art could put this together. It is highly likely that anyone trying to design a thermally insulating sleeve would replicate such protective sleeve like this patent. Claim 1 goes over the specific geometry of the sleeve, which does not flow well because Claims 1 to 4 explains the specifications of the geometry of the sleeve. These claims seem to be obvious to anyone skilled in this area.

Anticipation: Temperature Indicating sleeve and related container US 8118189 B1 

This inventions was made to indicate the temperature of the beverage to tell whether the beverage is warm enough to drink. I personally never saw such container or sleeve that indicates the temperature of the beverage and never thought the idea until I read this patent. That is why I chose this patent since it was the only idea that I found it most original out of the 9 patents. In terms of anticipation and obviousness, I found it highly novel as no other patents talked about indicating temperature. This idea is very creative that makes it less anticipated and novel that makes it not obvious. 

Blog 5: General Personal Overview on the 9 Patents

Hello guys,

I am going to talk about my general overview on the 9 patents in terms of their anticipation and obviousness. I would first like to define what anticipation and obviousness is when talking about patent. Anticipation is the novelty of the patent, whether any work demonstrates the claim that patent is saying. Obviousness determines the content of the prior art, and see the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art.

Obviousness and anticipation both relate to prior art, in which I consider each patent to be an improvement or development on a prior patent that they are not patent anticipation. Even though there is little difference, it still has an obvious difference between the prior art and the patent invention. Therefore, in terms of the obviousness and anticipation, these patents seem like they are defendable. Further explaining the "improvement" of original invetion, these patents are developing and changing in more efficient ways through time, starting from the 1950s to now, 2015. Although, the shape, function, and texture of the sleeves have changed quite surprisingly, the general principle and goal of insulating a coffee cup has remained the same, which validates my opinion that they are "developing" and "improving."

Therefore, each patent is valid when we talk in terms of obviousness and anticipation. Yet, the differences that each patent is making is so small and subtle that it would not bring as much innovation as we are expecting or desiring.

Blog 5: Patents on Hot Beverage Container Sleeves and their Applications

Hello all,

I am going to go over patents on hot beverage container sleeves. I will be summarizing these patents in terms of their background, priority date, ideas, diagrams, specifications, and the claims.

1. US 6343735 B1 Insulating sleeve

Priority date: May 4th, 2000

Insulating sleeve has to ensure that the gripping surface of the coffee cup remains at a most comfortable temperature, not too cold or hot, while the liquid inside the container is hot or cold. In terms of technology, an insulating cup sleeve has to be folded in certain way that ridges are formed for gripping. The insulating cup sleeve has to be made from a thin paperboard material while it is folded in such way that there is one section that has gap apart from the wall of the cup to make an insulation air gap. 

   2.   US 2661889 A  Thermal coffee cup

Priority date: July 20th, 1948

It has been designed to insulate the user's hand by the heat of the hot beverage contained inside the cup. In terms of technology, the thermal coffee cup is a conical shaped insulator jacket that has inner layer, a corrugated middle for allowing a gap for air, and an outer layer. The air cannot escape in the middle layer because it is sealed at the top and bottom. For specification, the insulator jacket has outer sleeve where cap of the coffee cup can sit. In the claim, the insulated jacket should have an inner layer that allows an air insulator, which specifically has sealed bottom.

   3.   US 8,251,277 B1 Thermal sleeve, method for manufacturing a thermal sleeve, and combination cup and thermal sleeve

Priority date: April 15th, 2005

It is considered inefficient for having multiple cups layered on the hot beverage when holding the cup. It is causing a negative impact on environment, thus more efficient and practical method is needed when holding a cup with hot beverage inside. In terms of technology, the cup has to have smooth paper inside, but creped paper outside. Specifically, the creped paper should be 8 to 100 crepe lines per linear inch, while inner layer should be smooth paper of 16 lbs/3000 sq ft to 80 lbs/3000 sq ft. Claim 1 talks about how cup sleeve should be made out of inner creped paper and outer smooth paper. Claim 2-9 describes the exact specifications of the cup sleeve paper. 

   4.   US 7,922,031 B1 Insulator sleeve for a beverage container

Priority date: March 1, 2006

The insulator sleeves may disrupt the barista when they write the orders or names on the cup because the opaque sleeve may not show the order details. Therefore, this invention is made to be transparent but also heat insulating. In terms of technology and specifications, the inner portion can be eraseable when written by pen, while the outer portion is a heat insulating layer made out of silicon rubber material. 

   5.   US 8118189 B1  Temperature-indicating sleeve and related container

Priority date: Dec 15, 2006

It is difficult for the suers to know how hot the liquid inside the cup is and whether is it cooled down enough for consumption. This invention is a temperature-indicating sleeve that is placed on the outer surface of a container. In terms of technology, the temperature-indicator should display the temperature or the temperature range of the beverage inside the cup. The insulating layer has a thermal conductivity of 0.1 W/m*K at 298K and is 50% cellulose based and non-absorbing in specifications. 

   6.   US 6152363 Sleeve construction for improved paperboard cup insulation

Priority date: May 3, 1999

This provides sleeve cut from a single blank that adds an air gap for insulation, while maintaining smooth surface for printing patterns of designing on the sleeve. In terms of technology, the insulating sleeve has smooth surface and an air-gap between the cup sidewall and the sleeve. The gap can be created by using hot-glue dots or syntactic foam. In specifications, the sleeve is made out of paperboard and has specific length and height. Claim 1 talks about the texture of the sleeve; one side should be smooth while the other should be in plurality due to creating air gaps. Claim 2 specifies the weight of the paper. 

   7.   US 20080078824 A1 Beverage cup sleeving system and method 

Priority date: August 23, 2006

Usually, the thermally insulating sleeve becomes useless when it gets wet. This invention is to make insulating sleeve reusable and washable. In terms of technology, the layer of elastomer is made out of homogenous seamless conical sleeve. The sleeve can be made out of metals, elastomers, elastomeric composites, or liquid crystal pouches in specifications. 

   8.  US 20100019023 A1  Protective sleeve

Priority date: 2008

When hot and cold beverages are transferred to other containers, the heat can be changed. This invention has a sleeve with a unique arch shape that allows users to hold the cup in comfortable way. In terms of technology, the sleeve should have an arch in its geometry. In terms of specification, sleeve has to reduce sheet material when it is manufactured. 

   9.  US 20140151385 A1 Hot and Cold Cup Sleeve

Priority date: February 6, 2014

Coffee shops need inexpensive sleeves for the coffee cup so that users could insulate the beverage. However, current methods are too expensive to be considered appropriate and practical. In terms of specifications and technology, inner layer should be any material that can absorb water, whereas, outer layer should be a texture that is easily gripped and water repellent. Claim 1 talks about the characteristics of the inventions and Claim 2 details the composition of each layer. 

Blog 4: Slide to Unlock Patent & Apple vs. Samsung

Hello everyone!

Today, I am going to briefly talk about the first claim of the "Slide to Unlock" patent (US 8046721), which was publicized debate between Apple and Samsung.

So the very first line starts by a method of "unlocking a hand-held electronic device, the device including a touch-sensitive display," which literally means that any portable electronic device that has a screen that detects touch. The very next lines says detecting at a "first predefined location corresponding to an unlock image," which means that the contact on the screen is beginning at a specific spot, but it could be anywhere on the screen and be any icon. It continues on saying that the "continuously moving the unlock image on the touch sensitive display in accordance with the movement of the contact while continuous contact with the touch screen is maintained." This basically describes the movement of the contact while it is touching the touch screen. At last, it ends by saying "movement of the unlock image from the first predefined location to a predefined unlock region on the touch sensitive display" which describes the conclusion of the movement and the conclusion of the device's response being patented.

Samsung vs Apple

Now that we went over the first claim of the "Slide to Unlock" patent, I would like to talk about patent litigation related to this patent in depth. Apple believed that Android was copying iOS, which one of the features was the slide to unlock feature. Even though Android's slide to unlock feature is not exactly the same as iOS, Steve Jobs nonetheless believed that intellectual property was stolen by Samsung. Yet, Apple could not sue Google as Google was simply giving out Android, so Apple decided to sue Samsung since it was the most influential distributor of smartphones running Android.

During the court cases, Apple has not won any Slide to Unlock patent battles in Europe. In 2014, Apple sued Samsung for various patent infringement and could later only compensate $119.6 million when they asked for $2 billion.

Blog 3: Free Topic -- Artificial Intelligence

Hello all,

Today, I would like to talk about artificial intelligence as all data is leading to a revolution in artificial intelligence. As I focused on inventions that were created at least few decades ago for choosing top ten inventions, I would like to talk about more modern technology that will heavily influence the future tech trends.

Artificial intelligence is when machines or softwares exhibits intelligence. In the academic field of AI, researchers try to make intelligent agent maximize the chances of success. The research is highly specialized where there are many subfields that often fail to communicate with each other. The main goals of AI research includes reasoning, learning, planning, natural language processing in communication, and ability to move objects.

We can relate artificial intelligence to Microsoft-- it is using machine learning to analyze the conversion so that its new Skype Translator can mimic the tone of speech to make sense in another language. Moreover, this year we now have programming capable of fooling people to think that they are actually talking to another human being. This computer program is called Eugene Groostman that beat the Turing test. The key point here is that the future technologies are able to build human-like thought in silicon, not that they are fooling people.

Google's Demis Hassabis, artificial intelligence researcher, computer game designer, and world-class gamer has been trying to create a human neurons work in silicon and code through his company, DeepMind. DeepMind is trying to build artificial intelligence machine that can solve any problems when face at anytime.

Depending on how far such groundbreaking researchers get, we could see amazing changes for humanity in the future using artificial intelligence.

Blog 4: Top 5 Wrong Predictions

1. "The cinema is little more than a fad"was shockingly and ironically said by Charlie Chaplin in 1916. Although in his sense, he might have thought cinema as a trend that is collectively followed for a certain amount of time, cinema has been continuously loved and followed by many people, even today. Film business and techniques had matured and evolved throughout many years and cinema is an influential media that heavily impacts on today's society. 

2. "Television? The word is half Latin and half Greek. No good can come of it."was said by C. P. Scott, in BBC History of Television. Charles Prestwich Scott was a British publisher and politician who was a Liberal Member of Parliament, pursuing a progressive liberal agenda in the newspaper. This quote that he said is obviously silly and wrong because television now plays a pivotal role in the socialization of the 20th and 21st centuries. It has been significantly used for entertainment, advertising, and news that has become a commonplaces in homes, businesses, and institutions. 

3. "Rock n Roll? It will be gone."was written in the Variety Magazine in 1955. Although Rock and roll is not as popular and predominant as it was in 1940s and 1950s, it is not "gone" as it was predicted in the Variety Magazine. Rock and roll did decline in the late 1950s and early 1960s. However, there was a process that has been called the "feminisation" of rock and roll, where the field of music was dominated by love ballads. Overall, rock and roll influenced lifestyles, fashion, language, and attitudes that it cannot be simply considered as "gone." It has contributed to the civil rights movement by both African Americans and Caucasians enjoying the music.  

4. "Democracy will be dead by 1950."
was quoted by a British journalist, John Langdon-Davies, A Short History of The Future, 1936. I found this both funny and ridiculous because liberal democracy have come in successive "waves of democracy" resulting from continuous wars, revolutions, religious, and economic conflicts. Democracy has set new independent states and most majority of country-states are nominally democracies. 

5. "There's no chance that the iPhone is going to get any significant market share."was said by Steve Ballmer, USA Today, April 30, 2007. Understandably, Steve Ballmer was a Microsoft CEO and at this time, Microsoft was the most valuable tech company in the world that was incomparable to Apple. It was the time he underestimated Apple's market. Yet, I find this a bit arrogant because most of us are using iPhone and all tech devices that are from Apple. Now Apple is the most valuable company in the world and Microsoft is building its own hardware just like Apple. 

Blog 4: Top 5 Predictions from Class

1. "Television won’t last because people will soon get tired of staring at a plywood box every night”
was said by Darryl Zanuck, an executive at 20th Century Fox in 1946.
Darryl Zanuck underestimated the power of small blue screen as he was already a profound figure in entertainment history as a producer of more than 100 films for the big silver screen. If he was alive today, he must have been stunned by the impact of modern TV in today's society.

2.  "A rocket will never be able to leave the Earth’s atmosphere."
was written by The New York Times in January 13, 1920. Yet, this was offered a retraction on July 17, 29169 after Apollo 11 was on its way to the moon. This shows how it was an impossible idea to leave the Earth's atmosphere during the 1920s, and how much we have achieved in today's society. We accomplished what was once thought to be ridiculous and impossible idea to carry it out. 

3. "There will never be a bigger plane built." 
was said by a Boeing engineering, after the first flight of the 247, a twin engine plane that holds ten people. I just cannot understand how they could limit their imagination... Human populations grows every year and how can they predict that no more than 10 people could be riding a plane. 

4. "There is no reason for any individual to have a computer in his home."  
was said by Ken Olson, a president, chairman and founder of Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), in a talk given to a 1977 World Future Society. It is slightly ironic on how this quote is both wrong and right at the same time. Yes, computers are essential devices that people cannot live without and there are so many reasons why individuals should have a computer. Yet, people nowadays seem to find tablets and mobile phones more comfortable than computers and are actually moving away from computers to tablets/phones. 

5."We don't like their sound, and guitar music is on the way out."
was said by Decca Recording Company as they declined to sign the Beatles in 1962. I personally find this very amusing and funny because The Beatles becomes the biggest band in the world, heavily influencing the rock era during the 1950s. They become an icon of sociocultural revolution and are the best-selling music artists in the United States, selling 178 million certified units. 

Blog 3: Top 10 Inventions Revised

Hello all! 

After visiting and reading my classmates' blogs and posts about their top 10 inventions, I have slightly changed my mind and came with new top 10 technological advances that changed the world!
Although some of my lists are still the same, I rearranged the order and eliminated some inventions.

Invention 1: Internet
Internet has allowed people to access almost any information at any time, regardless of locations anywhere in the world. Its huge effect on economy, communication, and business are profound and groundbreaking. Internet diffuses and recombines information with such efficiency that it accelerates the rate of creating further world-changing innovations.

Invention 2: Telephone
Telephone simply eased and refined the idea of sending beeps that sent out the plain text that could not send actual voice communications over wires. Such development in communications effectively impacted the world; it went from a world where it took almost a month to hear news from across the country to one where world-wide news are constantly played in almost all over the world.


Invention 3: Light bulb
The infrastructure of light bulb helped to provide electricity to every home and business, that led people to work and study until the time they were willing to. Light bulbs were available to almost everyone with low cost, adaptable for all small systems.


Invention 4: GPS
GPS provides a set of coordinates that indicate where people is located at in relations to their elevations, longitudes, and latitudes on the planet. GPS guide us directions, avoids traffic, prevents crime, predicts natural disaster's damage, and eases the development of construction. 


Invention 5: Clock
Clock is an instrument that helps to indicate the time. Overall, clock is used today to display and measure time. It helps in managing time and continuing the regular routines in life. 


Invention 6: Refrigeration
The refrigeration has changed the food production industry by keeping food cold for long period of time. It has allowed to maintain meats and dairy products fresh even in the hottest summer months, which helped to keep the pace of fast growing population.


Invention 7: The Sewing machineThe clothes that took 3 hours to be made were not stitched in just half an hour by the invention of sewing machines. Such easier and convenient way to make clothing benefited the women who did not afford expensive clothes as they could stitch clothes in a professional manner on their own.


Invention 8: Steam engineSteam engines was one of the many factors that helped to lead the Industrial Revolution, which was the greatest change in the history of civilization. Steam engines powered the factories that made mass production of goods in rapid pace and powered the steamships that carried those goods across the country.


Innovation 9: Harnessed fire
Harnessed fire helps to cause warmth when there is both darkness and coldness in the environment. It can be used to cook food, which is very essential in living. Sometimes, fire can be used for healing and without the fire, the world couldn't live. 

Innovation 10: Toilet
Toilet is a fixed receptacle which a person can urinate or defecate, where it flushes away waste into a sewer. Toilets are easy to use and keeps everything clean by removing fecal material from the household environment. 

Blog 2: Top 10 Inventions

I chose my top 10 inventions based on its creativity, impact, and usefulness in everyday life.

Invention 1: Internet
Internet has allowed people to access almost any information at any time, regardless of locations anywhere in the world. Its huge effect on economy, communication, and business are profound and groundbreaking. Internet diffuses and recombines information with such efficiency that it accelerates the rate of creating further world-changing innovations.

Invention 2: Telephone
Telephone simply eased and refined the idea of sending beeps that sent out the plain text that could not send actual voice communications over wires. Such development in communications effectively impacted the world; it went from a world where it took almost a month to hear news from across the country to one where world-wide news are constantly played in almost all over the world.

Invention 3: Automobile
The invention of automobile revolutionized the social interactions, infrastructure distribution, and employment patters. It eased the transportations of all people;  they were able to go wherever they wanted to go and expand the size of any community to the distance they were willing to go.

Invention 4: Light bulb
The infrastructure of light bulb helped to provide electricity to every home and business, that led people to work and study until the time they were willing to. Light bulbs were available to almost everyone with low cost, adaptable for all small systems.

Invention 5: Wheel
Although lack of good quality roads have limited the highest functions of wheels, they have efficiently helped the transportation of goods. Not only wheels were used to transport and carry goods, but also they were used as water wheels that powered mills.

Invention 6: Refrigeration
The refrigeration has changed the food production industry by keeping food cold for long period of time. It has allowed to maintain meats and dairy products fresh even in the hottest summer months, which helped to keep the pace of fast growing population.

Invention 7: The Sewing machine
The clothes that took 3 hours to be made were not stitched in just half an hour by the invention of sewing machines. Such easier and convenient way to make clothing benefited the women who did not afford expensive clothes as they could stitch clothes in a professional manner on their own.

Invention 8: Steam engine
Steam engines was one of the many factors that helped to lead the Industrial Revolution, which was the greatest change in the history of civilization. Steam engines powered the factories that made mass production of goods in rapid pace and powered the steamships that carried those goods across the country.

Innovation 9: Penicillin
Penicillin is a collection of antibiotics that remove infection by causing bacteria. They are used as a treatment of many bacterial infections as they are one of the first types of antibiotic used for major diseases.

Innovation 10: Plow
Plow is a farming tool that was used to sow seed or to loosen or turn the soil. They are drawn by horses and cattle,s but modern times, they are dram by tractors. Plows are perfectly suited for poorly drained soils and are excellent incorporation.

Blog 1: Introduction

Hello,

My name is Tiffany Won and for the majority of my life, I have lived in Seoul, South Korea. I have continuously lived in the same community with my parents and extended family. However, I have been also able to travel abroad every summer and winter break, having visited more than 30 countries throughout Europe, Asia, and the Americas.

Growing up in South Korea, I would not call myself a pure Korean citizen because I have been attending international schools for almost half my life. This type of upbringing gave me a unique ability to communicate how Koreans truly view themselves with non-Koreans in the world.

As I am interested in new inventions and ideas, I wanted to learn about various engineering aspects of the patent litigation in mobile devices technologies. We live in a very fast-paced society that quickly adopts new trends or technology, and throws out old ones almost on monthly basis. This is why many multinational corporations test their products in global market. I want to focus on high technology issues and patentable subject matter in terms of electrical engineering and Internet technologies. 

Through this class, I hope to gain knowledge in the basics of intellectual property in terms of an engineering perspective. I look forward to learn new concepts and hopefully utilize them in my career!